Jane Macartney in Beijing
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Chinese authorities tightened security around Tibet's main monasteries and banned visits to a sacred site on the edge of the capital, Lhasa, for fear of a fresh outburst of unrest on the Dalai Lama's birthday.
Few monks remain, however, in the province's three most important monasteries. Many have disappeared, their whereabouts a mystery. Chinese officials have deployed troops and paramilitary police around the ancient religious institutions, suspecting these sprawling hillside communities are at the heart of the unrest that has swept the region since early March.
Dozens, possibly several hundred, have been arrested or are detained and under investigation for their roles in the anti-Chinese demonstrations and riots that hit Lhasa on March 14. This, however, does not account for the empty halls in the three great monasteries, Drepung, Sera and Ganden, that lie near the city. Several hundred monks are believed to have been living in each of them before the violence erupted.
Now Tibetan sources have revealed that most of the monks, more than 1,000 in total, have been transferred to many prisons and detention centres in and around the city of Golmud in neighbouring Qinghai province. The detained monks are all young ethnic Tibetans from surrounding regions who had made their way to Lhasa, their spiritual capital, to study and pray in the most prestigious spiritual centres on the Roof of the World.
Their detention is part of a policy to rid the monasteries of any monks not registered as formal residents of the administrative region, known as the Tibetan Autonomous Region.
Family members say that the monks have been told they will be incarcerated in Golmud only until the end of the Olympic Games in Beijing. The policy is part of a campaign by the Chinese Government to ensure that the Games, opening on August 8 and lasting for two weeks, pass off without a hitch and without protests from the restive Tibetans, they told The Times.
“After that they have been told that they will be allowed to leave, because they are not guilty of a crime,” one man whose brother is among the detained said. “But they will be ordered to return to their home villages and will not be permitted to go back to the monasteries in Lhasa.” There were no reports that any of those being held were being mistreated, he added.
The monks' detention is, in effect, a decision by China to implement a policy first promulgated in 1994 to limit the size of Tibet's monasteries, because increasing religious freedoms were attracting growing numbers.
Sera monastery, for example, is supposed to house no more than 400 monks but is believed to have grown to more than 1,000. In Drepung - at its height the largest monastery in the world - has been allocated a similar quota but has allowed as many as 900 monks to live in its high-walled compounds. The monasteries have for years allowed young boys well below the age of 18 to enter in direct contravention of the rules but the authorities had turned a blind eye.
The abbots have encouraged the unofficial monks because they found that those from other regions tended to be the most devoted and diligent, Tibetan sources said.
Registered monks are given a monthly stipend that can sometimes be as much as 5,000 yuan (£350) depending on the donations to a monastery and entrance ticket sales. Many prefer to spend their days playing video games and DVDs rather than reading the scriptures, they said. They voiced concern that the monasteries could lose many of their best Buddhist scholars if the monks were not allowed to return after the Olympics.
Authorities have ordered all Tibetans without a Lhasa residence permit to leave the city and to return to their homes. Reports are increasing of the authorities targeting individuals whose dress, haircut or even teeth - Tibetans from Sichuan and Qinghai favour gold fillings - mark them out as coming from neighbouring regions.
Tibetan residents of Lhasa say that they prefer not to wear Tibetan dress for fear they will be stopped and questioned on the street by police or soldiers. Men say that they are growing their hair so as not be mistaken for a monk and interrogated.
One man, from the Khamba group that lives in western Sichuan province and is renowned for its warriors, told how he was arrested after the March 14 riot because his long hair identified him as being from that region.
The huge security operation has,however, failed to halt protests by Tibetans demanding the return of the Dalai Lama and independence for their homeland. On June 18 six took place in Ganze county alone.
One Tibetan source said: “They know they are going to be arrested but people still go out and demonstrate. And then you can see the cats come out and catch them like mice.”
Ancient traditions
Drepung monastery
The largest of Tibetan monasteries, whose name means “rice heap”. Its population numbered as many as 7,700 in the 1930s and sometimes up to 10,000. Founded in 1416, it has long been been regarded as the most academic monastery of the Gelukpa – or Yellow Hat – sect
Sera monastery
Its name means “Enclosure of Roses”. Also founded in the early 15th century. Began as a scholarly institution but became known as the home of warrior monks whose responsibility was to defend Tibet and its Buddhist traditions
Ganden monastery
The oldest of the three great monasteries, its name means “continent of completely victorious happiness”. It is 35 miles from Lhasa and has long been the smallest house. It suffered most during the 1966-76 Cultural Revolution, when it was dynamited by the Army and Red Guards
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All Chinese comments save for a few on this blog are terribly mis-informed.
If you are going to have an opinion, try to formulate it by learning as much as you can about a topic.
The Government in China(which btw was ruled by Manchu) for 100's of years. NOT HAN CHINESE.
John, Atlanta,
the issue in this article is the continuing repression of human rights by the Chinese Govt on all Tibetans that is condemned by the Chinese constitution but continues to occur. China continually interferes in other countries internal affairs but complains when others do the same.
Kate, Brisane,
Mike, Nottm, UK
I like to see you happy and smiling. But just note I had not said anywhere the West is "evil". How did this word formed in your mind? I do appreciate the many good things the west did but oppose its political/foreign policies which reminds me of its colonial past.
100708
Lim , Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Colin, Carmarthen, UK
Is there a choice for me. I want to be colour blind so far as race is concerned. I try to see your views but it is not possible. Race is not important but national identity is. I would not know you are from UK nor you about me from Malaysia if we left this out. We go astray?
Lim , Johor Bahru, Malaysia
animah, porto, portugal
Please don't stay biased by reading only western media materials. Do make a visit to Tibet and see for your self whether it is pure Chinese propoganda. You may be surprised to find Western tourists/travellers in remote scenic places. Tibet is beautiful. Must go. OK.
1007
Lim , Johor Bahru, Malaysia
everybody knows information on what is going on in tibet is highly censured, so that people living in china are spoon fed propaganda about tibet.
animah, porto, portugal
Lim in Malaysia.
What is all this whites versus blacks argument that you do not understand? That kind of racism is old cold war stuff and now in the past. No one nation is conquering and dominating another anymore. Forget about race, nation and identity. It is all interdependent and global now.
Colin, Carmarthen, UK
Kevin Klauber, Austin Texas, USA
Sorry but you are talking nonsense. Buddhism is all about peace, spiritual enlightenment,& non violence. It originated from India. Tibetan Buddhism is a branch only and its teaching deviates. How can monks owe total allegiance to Dalai Lama only?.
Lim , Johor Bahru, Malaysia
lim, what do you know about tibet and china? and who told you about the evil west??? pro china media in malaysia? we are talking about one issue here, dont mixed up the topic, mate. dont point the fingers at the west media and think what happened in tibet is right. i am disgusted by chinese gov
say soon, Penang, Malaysia
wu lin glad to know not all chinese are supporting the own disgusting goverment BLINDLY, i am overseas chinese, shame on you china, wake up people, see the world with your heart
say soon, Penang, Malaysia
RigZin, Santa Fe, USA
There is nothing Mr Rogge did that was wrong. What was/is wrong is the continued Western instigation & interference in China's internal political affairs.
Please note, the world is not the west and the west is not the world. It is wiser to stay focused on own affairs.
Lim , Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Mike, Nottingham, UK
I still don't understand why Whites are still so obsessed with Zimbabwe which wants Whites out of the country. I am ashamed to read some comments that whites should return to rule under the old name Rhodesia. Be realistic. It is Zimbabwe & it is Tibet, China.
Lim , Johor Bahru, Malaysia
I think IOC Chair Mr. Rogge must resign before, Beijing games for not upholding the the charter of Olympic games and supporting the most hegemonic dictatorship in the world now.
Or the words like "PEACE", "Friendship" etc should be take out of the Olympic Charter.
RigZin, Santa Fe, USA
Stop ask stupid questions,guys! You even can't imagine what does the Red Terror means! Maybe you know about that from stupid Holliwood propaganda films,but in reality it is not a joke at all. Better let's put aside your McBurgers, come together and help this small nation to stay alive!
Ivar, Dublin, Ireland
It is not that easy to understand. China has spies everywhere. Tibetans have been brutalized since 1950.
HH wants to meet and talk. He does not want a Free Tibet what he wants is true autonomy. He has said he will step down as Dali Lama if that is what it takes.
For 58 years Chinese have taken over culture in Tibet, this is what we are trying to preserve.
Buddhas Warriors will fight on in some fashion.
kevin klauber, Austin Texas, USA
'Beware the dog that bites the hand that feeds'
Do you realize quite how appalling using that analogy makes you look?
Mike, Nottingham, UK
Where does she get this information from?
Andy, Cambridge, England
actually it is so sad that there is no justice. IOC knows that chinese government are killing innocent people and snatching their right. IOC must take responsibilities of all these life. they must be ashemed of themselves. can't believe they are doing nothing about it???? shame
pasang zompa, london, united kingdom
It is outrageous that China was given the plum of hosting the Olympics. They are a ruthless, brutal government. Why doesn't the news media focus on this? Don't people remember the tanks crushing the young people in Tienamen Square? The nun shot dead in the snow in Nepal by Chinese military?
Carolyn Branch, Atlanta, USA
After the March 14 riot in Tibet, the government should take tight security measures to keep the order and provide safety to the public. If the government does not take cautious measures for the public security, it will fail its duties to its citizens.
Wayne, Princeton, USA
X Wu -- isn't torture wrong? Isn't it the citizen's duty to speak out against inhumane treatment of fellow human beings? I am ashamed of your government. It has turned the Olympics into a symbol of repression and hypocrisy.
Eddie, Toronto, Canada
X Wu: No one has to demonize the Chinese govt - it's doing that all by itself. All the West and Tibetans have done is point out the Chinese govt's abhorrent, narcissistic, abusive behavior. The IOC is a mindless dolt for awarding the games to China based on empty promises instead of actual history.
Franklin, Missouri, USA
No one can be suprised at the way China rules in it's unwilling colony. I assume the IOC are still happy with their decision to award them the games now China proves it's bad reputation well founded..
Lim, your deluded fantasies about the 'Evil West' have made me smile so very much - Thank you
Mike, Nottm, UK
Beware the dog that bites the hand that feeds
paul, notts, uk
Free these monks and boycott the olympics. It doesn't matter what the Chinese government does now they have shown their true colors and they are not pretty.
Chris, wiltshire,
what a shame for my country to use terror and force. the government is our real source of embarrassment for the olympics, not these tibetans that they are beating
wu li, beijing, china
It is a Western strategy. Threaten small nations. Split big nations. Divide the world into small parts, easier to dominate and rule. The Soviet Union is now only Russia and many smaller states, so not a threat to Western designs. Now it is China starting with Tibet. The world better wake up.Unite
Lim, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
'Dozens, possibly hundreds...........' Could it be any vaguer?? The widespread devastation caused could not have been done by only a handful of rioters, so maybe it's not so surprising.
Everyone has to register in any none-home region, even tourists not staying in hotels. It's not an issue.
Pu Li, Guangxi, PRC
It is interesting that Jane, "the most hated woman in China" can get so much news about Tibet while she cannot enter Tibet. Where is the new source? From Dalai Dama?
Demonizing China is always safe in political rightness, and attracts readers in the western world.
X Wu, Beijing, China
Most of the tourists won't know the history of the monasteries, or the numbers of monks who were there. The news media have not focused on the continued oppression of the Tibetan people, nor the arrests for practicing their religious traditions.
Bayla, Boulder, USA
i hope this disgraceful government is never given the olympics again, shame on them and shame on the olympic committee for filling their pockets with money so these thugs and tyrants can get some legitimacy... they have enslaved chinese people for decades it time something was done to free them
william gibbons, chengdu, china
Will the tourists notice the reduction in monks?
Owen, SG,