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An American surfer has died after being attacked by a shark on the Pacific coast of Mexico only four days after another man was killed by a great white shark off California.
Marine biologists are now asking if the attacks are an astonishing coincidence — it has been 30 years since a fatal shark attack on Mexico's Pacific coast and almost 15 years since anyone was killed by a shark off Southern California — or if another factor is at work.
Some argue that thriving seal populations are attracting sharks to tourist areas, especially during March and April when female sharks arrive in the warmer waters between California and Mexico to give birth.
Another theory suggests that the killer shark off California may have been trying to protect a newborn pup. But experts have said that great white females are more likely to eat their offspring than protect them.
In Australia — where a teenage boy was killed last month in a shark attack, the first in two years — at least one expert is warning of a dramatic upsurge in attacks because humans are overfishing the marine life on which the predators feed.
Others argue the opposite: that the sharks themselves are being overfished, resulting in some species, such as the great white, becoming endangered.
Whatever the reason, the two attacks in four days are extraordinarily bad luck for the victims, the most recent of whom was Adrian Ruiz, 24, from San Francisco.
Mr Ruiz was attacked while surfing off the Troncones beach, about a 45-minute drive west from the resort of Ixtapa. He was still alive when he was dragged back to the beach by his friends. He was taken to a nearby naval hospital by a local, where he died from blood loss.
According to a statement from the Mexican authorities Mr Ruiz was bitten on his right thigh, leaving a 15in wound that “reached from the hip to the knee, exposing the femur”.
Witnesses said that the shark weighed as much as 660lb (300kg) and attacked Mr Ruiz when he was about 300 metres from the shore. The American had just arrived in Mexico for a beach holiday with six of his friends.
His death came after that of David Martin, a 66-year-old retired veterinarian, who was attacked and killed by a great white shark off the coast of San Diego on Friday. Mr Martin, a triathlete, bled to death after being bitten on both legs by the shark, which measured 15 feet (4.5m), while he was swimming with fellow triathletes about 150 metres offshore.
Witnesses said the shark lifted him out of the water, possibly thinking that he was a seal, before retreating after a single bite.
More than 27 kilometres (17 miles) of coastline in San Diego were closed to members of the public over the weekend as helicopters patrolled the waters.
In spite of the two cases, shark attacks are extremely rare. Last year the only fatal attack was in New Caledonia, in the southwest Pacific, according to the Florida Museum of Natural History's international shark attack file.
There were 71 other reported attacks worldwide last year, up from 63 in 2006. Attacks on the Atlantic coast, particularly in Florida, are far more common than they are on the Pacific coast.
A study by the Harvard Centre for Risk Analysis showed that a person's chances of being killed by a shark in any given year are about 1 in 280 million, compared with a 1 in 6,700 chance of being killed in a car accident.
This means you would have to swim in the ocean 112 times a day for it to become as dangerous as making a single car journey to the supermarket.
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I think that we all should respect the sharks, especially the great white. What a magnificent creature... I swim in the Pacific Ocean when I travel there and I always know that if it happens it happens. To the great white, thanks for being such an amazing creature......
Brent, Chicago, USA
if there are mako sharks near Wales, there are also great whites, they are both mackerel sharks and share the same biology, aggression, speed, etc. i would say there are no tiger sharks or hammerheads near Wales, they prefer warmer water, but that's not true of the colder-water Great Whites.
charlie, San Jose, Calif., USA
i live in the uk/wales we only have basking sharks and makos plus in the summer we have 30 degree heat i suggest people shold start surfing in wales
lloy thomas, cardiff, wales
have to agree with Rob. Once you enter into the ocean you become part of the food chain, while this is rare, it is not unexpected. It is also not the sharks fault.
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patric douglas, San Diego, USA
I think its our fault.
if we dont want to be killed by sharks, dont swim in their territory. we act like its all their fault. WHAT BULLY SHARKS. um, no.humans live on land, and sharks in the sea. the second we imtrude into THEIR domain, we're voluntarily putting ourselves at risk.
deejay, san fran, US
Bottom line: If you come to my house for dinner - you eat what I cook. If you go to a sharks home - YOU may be mistaken for dinner. It's not a country club swimming pool - respect the fact that it is their home and their rules, not yours. The risks are minimal, but there is a risk.
Rob, Los Angeles, USA
Why is a sand tiger (or raggy as you Aussies like to call 'em) used for this image? You'd think The Times would at least make the effort to use an image of a shark that is actually known to have dined on people before.
Oscar, London, UK
i drive to the beach to surf. But i wear my seat belt. I don't smoke but my diet consists of a lot of red meat. I fly on Southwest four times a week, and live near a fault line. I'm 28. What are my weekly odds of survival? Will i live longer if i stay home?
Killah Kali, Los Angeles, CA,
Well put Michael. It's pretty hard to get attacked by a shark if you don't go in the ocean so clearly those stats are worthless.
Kevin , Boulder, USA
In Australia, since records began 200 years ago, shark attack statistics have barely changed - 9-13 attacks a year and 1.2 fatalities. Population, meanwhile, has increased from 4 million to 21 + 4 million tourists and we now have wetsuits, surf boards and spend more time in the sea.
Beverley Hadgraft, Sydney, Australia
The article states that for every 280 million people who swim in the ocean each year, 1 will be killed. That is not misleading.
nick, bellingham,
The statistics are misleading. Everyone gets in cars daily so they are all at risk. Only a small fraction of people swim in the ocean. Only the number of people that swim in the ocean should be counted not the entire population since many don't swim. The risk is much higher than stated.
michael, wilkes-barre,
Must be due to global warming. Everything else is.
Mike Poulsen, Reading, Berkshire
In the 70's shark net were "de rigeur" at beaches where there were considered risks of shark attacks. I would carry a "powerhead" spear for defensive purposes when Scuba diving on Aussie Pacific, and quite happily swam amongst sharks.
We live in foolish times.
Richard, Bucharest,
I agree with Brian. I live on the so cal coast and surf at least two times a week. What are my odds? I'm guessing not as good!
Jason, San Diego, USA
This comparison is including the entire population. Including people who have never seen the ocean. How about a study narrowing the population down to people who surf or swim in the ocean at least 1xper week. This comparison made here is innacurate and impertinent.
BRIAN SIMPSON, Marina, USA
I think there should be NO MORE SURFING where there is alot of sharks!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
hannah , orlando, florida
More shark attacks are on the cards since global warming, overfishing and many other factors are now impacting. You only have to research the missing people toll from coastal locations and discover that body parts are often found either washed up or retrieved at sea.
RIC D.T. WILSON, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA