Marcus Leroux
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A pamphlet warning Britons to leave the Middle East or face death has come to light in a stash of illicit propaganda.
The document does not hail from Basra or Baghdad, nor was it penned by the Islamists of al-Qaeda or the al-Mahdi Army. It was found in Haifa, about 60 years ago, and it was issued by the underground group led by Menachem Begin – the future Prime Minister of Israel and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
The document, which surfaced at an auction house this week, is addressed to “the soldiers of the occupation army” and aimed at British soldiers serving in Palestine, then under the British Mandate, preceding the establishment of Israel in 1948. The print has faded and the paper has discoloured since it was unearthed from a grove of trees in Haifa in the summer of 1947. Yet the language and the concerns remain current.
Bombings and murders by underground groups, such as Begin’s Irgun, hastened the British withdrawal and the United Nations declaration that led to the founding of modern Israel.
Irgun propaganda targeted the British Army’s wavering morale, already dented by the bomb attack on the Mandate’s headquarters – the King David Hotel in Jerusalem – which killed 91 people.
In the document, Irgun tells British troops: “It is unavoidable that many Jewish soldiers and many British soldiers should fall. And it is only fair that these people know at least why they may be killed.”
It adds: “Most of you have been in this country for quite a long time. You have learned what the word ‘terrorist’ means, some of you may even have come into direct contact with them (and heartily desire not to repeat the experience). But what do you know about them? Why does a young man go underground?”
It then draws a parallel with what would have happened if, seven years earlier, Britain had been overrun by Nazi Germany. “Remember 1940. Then it seemed quite possible that your island country would be conquered and subjugated by Hitler hordes . . . what would you have done? Would you have gone underground?” The pamphlet says that the occupation is “illegal and immoral” and “parallel to the mass assassination of a whole people”, in language that echoes that used on a note pinned to the booby-trapped bodies of two British intelligence officers executed by Irgun that same summer.
The pamphlet came from a stash confiscated and burnt by cyptographers from the Royal Signals regiment. Corporal Raymond Smith found them buried in a secluded grove marked by a white Star of David and was ordered to destroy them, but took one as a memento. A collector acquired the document from Corporal Smith, and brought it to Mullock’s auctioneers in Shropshire.
Richard Westwood-Brookes, Mullock’s historical documents specialist, said the pamphlet was a remarkable find, which “ amounted to a manifesto for terrorist action”. He added: “It also raises the question as to who are ‘terrorists’ and who are ‘freedom fighters’. It’s a debate which raged through the troubles of Northern Ireland and continues in the Middle East.”
Begin’s Irgun set aside its differences with Haganah, a rival underground Jewish group led by David Ben Gurion – the first Prime Minister of Israel, who once likened Begin to Adolf Hitler.
Begin forged a political career as a hardliner, but, after becoming Prime Minister, signed the Camp David agreement with Egypt in 1979.
The pamphlet, which is expected to fetch about £500, goes on sale at Mullock’s, in Shropshire, on August 6.
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Maya Angleou
The free bird leaps
on the back of the win
and floats downstream
till the current ends
and dips his wings
in the orange sun rays
and dares to claim the sky.
But a bird that stalks
down his narrow cage
can seldom see through
his bars of rage
his wings are clipped and
his ...
Mona, casablanca,
British support of a jewish homeland dates back to 1917 Balfour Declaration. But during Holocaust, the British army prevented doomed Jews from escaping Nazi Germany to Palestine, then a desert wasteland.
The realy scandal is the Arab world has forced refugees to live in camps for 60 years.
Benny Lawton, new york, usa
So we have a terrorism manifesto from Zionists, where they offer an iron-clad legal defense for the PLO and Hamas?
Shouldn't this document be submitted by Palestinians in defense of their "terrorist" actions? Good for the goose ...
Wesley Parish, Christchurch,
No true Christian could support zionist Israel. Only apostates, such as Bush and McCain could do so. Hopefully, a true Christian will lead us in January 2009, not the current or his annoited betrayer.
Tom, Phoenix, US
I do not believe for a single moment that IRAN or anyone else in the Middle East has any intentions of harming Israel in any way. The problem other neighbouring countries has, is constant attacks on their cities by the IDF using extream aggression such as 2006 against Lebanon over 2 people.
Daphne Kenward, Cambridge, UK
The actions Israel takes is not proportionate, how did these two men get kidnapped or killed, they were inside the border of Lebenon. Israel too has a duty to live in peace with its neighbours. The Palestinian problems must be solved and Israel should be more pro active in acheiving that, NOT WAR
Daphne Kenward, Cambridge, UK
OK, one very simple question:
In simple terms how did the Israeli state come into existence?
Was land taken by force from the host population.
i.e is Israel "technically" an occupying force.??????
the answer to this simple question should shape how we view current and future conflicts.
mahmood, derby, england
Many who wish to have their way rely on violence and false flag scenarios..
All governments should be forced to let out the skeletons, for if they do not, who can believe Government and respect authority when authority is often run by murdering control freaks, parading before a lying fawning media?
max, Sydney, Australia
TO Mark.
The Israelis have built walls to protect themselves from suicide bombers. It's working very well, thank you.
LMS, Albany, USA
You Israel-haters are extremely ignorant. You should look into the ways in which the British collaborated with the Arabs against the Jewish community in Palestine.
Moreover mere possession of firearms by a Palestinian Jew was punishable by death.
McQueen, NY, USA
the israelis have clearly attacked palestians for no legitimate cause, thus killing thousands and forcing thousands of palestinians to leave there homes and land. and today they seek to occupy and control more palestinian land. if that is not called terrorism, that i call that unfair.
keival, muscat, oman
"guerrillas? Lets see, if its a jew they're 'guerrillas', if its a gentile they're 'terrorists'.." Robert from the USA If its a muslim its always a terrorist! Yes, the media has the main hand in this brand marking. Who is pulling the strings?????
T. Andre, London,
"Its amazing the venom here "
Shinderpal Jandu, Montreal , Canada
Outtraged condemnation is requisite - regardless if met with angry smears - and infinitely more moral
than, say, terrorism-apologists.
Bob, Toronto, Canada
The bombing of British Army HG (in a wing of the King David Hotel) by the Irgun is a well known historical fact. It was widely condemned at the time by the mainstream Israeli leadership in waiting headed by David Ben Gurion and Begin's "reward" was 30 years in the political wilderness.
David, Sunderland,
Its amazing the venom here
The attack on the King David hotel for example- was an attack on the British Army Headquarters - there was warning given . It was ignored
The people who did these acts were never proud of them - they never mentioned or bragged of it after - contrast that to other side
Shinderpal Jandu, Montreal , Canada
My uncle was a British soldier [paratrooper] in Plaestine at this time - I'll have to show him.
Ian Payne, walsall,
Does not this bring the question of how legitimate his Nobel Peace Prize is?
Baz, Manchester, UK
Israel is a land founded on terrorism and still is exporting terrorism today in Palestine and elsewhere.
Its interesting that to be a member of the IRA was a death sentence or long incarcaration but the people that brutally murdered so many British troops became statesmen and rewarded.
Ian Watson, Gillingham, United Kingdom
ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS: Most recent Palestinian attacks are retaliation for Israeli's harming and killing Palestinian civilians. Israel's high tech bombs and rockets used in its assassinations always destroy property of innocent civilians and usually wound and even kill innocent bystanders.
Arik Silverman, Milwaukee, USA
guerrillas? Lets see, if its a jew they're 'guerrillas', if its a gentile they're 'terrorists'...and you say theres no zionist bias in mainstream media? Double standards are the order of the day. For the last 60 years. Revolting in this day and age.
Robert, Florida, USA
ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS: The US and UK press distort the facts. They'll speak of a bus bombing and 10 deaths. Israeli papers give names, and you see 9 of the 10 dead were soldiers, the bus stop was a military base, and it was an attack on soldiers. Can't Palestinians enemy soldiers?
Arik Silverman, Milwaukee, USA
ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS: US and UK press distort the facts. You read of an attack on "religious pilgrims" in Hebron. But the Israeli papers report the pilgrims were allowed to pass peacefully and only then were the soldiers guarding them attacked. Another military attack, not civilian.
Arik Silverman, Milwaukee, USA
Israel has become a disgusting country.building walls when everyone has been taking them down.death on a large scale is not a measure of a great nation.
Mark , london, UK
The savage bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem by Jewish terrorists was conveniently forgotten by both Israel's intellectuals and continuous governments of the USA.
Be reminded : The Israeli prime minister who won the Nobel Peace Prize in the 70s, was a ruthless murderer 40 years before.
Luke, Bytown, canada
Palestinians are resistance freedom-fighters. Israel knowlingly asks the impossible, the impermissible of Palestinians and all other Arab nations: that is Israel's "right" to exist; as if it were "right" to kill others and take their land and water. Israel does exist. Its "right" to exist is not.
cginn, Wawautosa, USA
On the founding of Israel, don't forget the role of money. Even in 1947 the Democrat Party knew it would face an extremely difficult election year in 1948 and it didn't want to lose contributions from the Jewish community, which it feared if it didn't partition Palestine and recognize Israel.
Arik Silverman, Milwaukee, USA
On the founding of Israel, don't forget the role of money. Read Lloyd George's memoirs. A major purpose of the Balfour declaration was to influence Jewish bankers in the United States to lend Britain money after it had used up its gold reserves.
Arik Silverman, Milwaukee, USA
Stephen Harrison-
Excuse me, but Jews were living in peace with Muslims, under Islamic rule for centuries before the British occupation.
If Muslims really wanted Jews eliminated, they could have done so centuries ago.
Islamic militant groups are only retaliatory.
M.S.N, Budapest,
The Arabs in Gaza don't have a state, they are non voting subjects to Israel! So according to jj from London England, the "Palistinians" are justified to continue terrorism until they Israel allows them to form a state?
MEM, Monterey, USA
If I am not being wrong they where soldiers,
The Palestinian have one problem the do not fight soldiers, they aim civilian population.
More then that, the Irgun and the stern organization were badly seen by the majority of the Jews in Israel.
I wish that the Palestinian would act like the Israelis maybe they had there own state by now
gao, pisa, Italia
you have to laugh really, and to think the murder continues, all in the name of God. Apparently both the same God, but he's being worshipped in the wrong way...
The war will never end, unless the big man, or woman, comes down His/Her self.
tony, Blackpool,
To Sharjil: the Jewish freedom fighters sought the establishment of Israel and a state for jews to reside in free from persecution. The Islamist terrorists, including Hamas, seek not simply a Palestinian state- but also the destruction of all jews, and - the wider Islamist agenda - all non-muslims.
Stephen Harrison, London,
Its curious how you call members of the Irgun, guerrillas in the headline and not terrorists, I guess the insurgents in Irak are also guerrillas. It all depends on what side of the street you are standing on.
Willmarlo, Md., USA
Will Marlow, California , Maryland, USA
Thanks to the US, the Jewish terrorist groups gained statehood and are stil continuing the terror against the ntives. These are now called legal because they are state sponsored. As the immigrant Jewish gangs viewed the British as occupiers, so is Israel looked upon by the natives.
Mac Qurashi, Leesburg, FL, USA
to jj in London....the violent formation of an illegal pseudo-state, by the force of terror, under falsified demographic pretences, and with the explicit intention of taking away the freedoms of the natives, is an amazing feat of terrorist blackmail, yet to be matched by the pathetic al-Qaeda types.
Sharjil, Birmingham, UK
jj, London.
The "Arabs" in Gaza haven't been allowed to form a state. The Israelis, with the support of the Americans, have seen to that.
Guga, Rockall,
At least Israel stopped terrorism when their state was formed. Cant say the same for the Arabs in Gaza.
jj, London, England
So much for all the moral high ground about fighting terrorism.....
Richard, Bexhill, UK