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A Muslim member of the French Government has attacked the head-to-toe Islamic dress as a prison, applauding a court decision to deny citizenship to a Moroccan woman who wore it.
“The burka is a prison, a strait-jacket,” Fadela Amara, the Minister for Urban Affairs and a longstanding women's rights campaigner, said yesterday. “It is not religious. It is the insignia of a totalitarian political project for sexual inequality.”
The court decision denying Faiza Mabchour, 32, French citizenship has drawn approval from both Left and Right, highlighting a rejection of Muslim customs that conflict with the values of the secular French republic.
“The affair of the burka”, as it has become known, began in late June when the Council of State, the highest civil court, endorsed a decision to refuse nationality to Ms Mabchour because her practices conflicted with French society and especially sexual equality.
Ms Mabchour, a French-speaker who lives in a southern Paris suburb, came to France in 2000 after marrying a Frenchman of North African background. They have three children, all French. At her husband's request she converted to Salafism, a hardline school of Islam that is strong in Saudi Arabia. She began wearing the dress that the French media call the burka, but which is strictly a niqab.
In the first ruling of its type Ms Mabchour's application was rejected because she had failed to integrate. Emmanuelle Prada-Bordenave, the state commissioner who decided the appeal, noted that Ms Mabchour had appeared for interviews “clothed from head to toe in the clothing of women from the Arabian peninsula, with a veil covering her hair, forehead and chin and a piece of cloth over her face. Her eyes could only be seen through a small slit.
“She lives virtually as a recluse, disconnected from French society. She has no concept of laïcité [the principle of the secular State] nor the right to vote. She lives in total subservience to the men in her family,” she added.
The decision was the latest episode in France's struggle to balance the laïcité principle with the religious practices of Europe's largest Muslim community.
It follows a popular 2005 ban on religious head-covering in state schools and rising concern over demands from some Muslims for sexual segregation in public swimming pools and sports grounds.
Ms Amara, who is one of the most outspoken members of the Government, said that she deplored all head-cover by Muslim women. “It's just a question of centimetres of fabric,” she said, describing both as symbols of oppression. The headscarf ban has proved highly popular, at least with non-Muslims and teachers.
Last May a judge in Lille caused an uproar when she annulled the marriage of a couple because the bride had falsely told her Muslim husband that she was a virgin. On orders from Mr Sarkozy, the State has appealed against that decision. The “burka case” is seen by some of Mr Sarkozy's opponents as a reflection of his hardline policies over immigration as Interior Minister and then President.
Leaders of France's Muslim establishment played down the ruling and said they feared that it would stir anti-Muslim feeling. “The refusal of nationality is due to lack of integration,” said Mohammed Moussaoui, the president of the French Council of Muslims.
Hidden behind the veil
Debate among scholars as to how far Muslim women should cover up has led to a distinction between the hijab (meaning covering-up in Arabic) and the niqab (meaning full veil)
The hijab is a scarf that covers the hair and neck
Niqab, below, involves covering the body entirely - wearing gloves and a veil over the face, leaving just the area around the eyes open
The burka is the most concealing form of veil. It covers not only the entire body but the face, leaving only a mesh screen for women to see through
Source: Times Archive
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when non-muslims mock and criticise our religion its freedom of speech, its their human right, etc. However, when we wear the burkha its oppression, its inequality, etc.
I wear a burkha Im not married, NO other female in my family wears it.I wear it coz I choose 2 thats MY RIGHT.
syeda, sunderland, UK
I'm 100%Puerto Rican Muslim and cover from head to toe.In my home I wear whatever I want.Please educate yourselves. Muslim women cover themselves becuase their beauty is for their husbands only.They are not imprisoned by it, but are free. Everyone is ok with the nuns, why not leave us alone! Thanks
Franchesca Maria, Austin, USA
Fantastic. The French unlike the British have not only held onto their national identity, they revel in it. We have handed ours over, somehow still carrying the burden of guilt for controlling an Empire we simply bow down and appease at every opportunity.
Tony , Midlands,
I've always wondered why muslim men are so insecure of themselves that they find it necessary to imprison their women in such a fashion. Judging by the way they act I would have thought them more courageous than that...
Lily, London, UK
Women are not just born a pair of eyes. The visual is very much a part of human life and all life for that matter, in all aspects of communication (between two people or a group). If I was a muslim man I would find it insulting women having to look like that otherwise I couldn't control myself.
Joshua, Manchester, England
Here's a thought: I won't have sex in public in a muslim country and you won't wear a niqab or burkha in mine. I will not attempt to procure or drink alcohol in your country and you will not attempt to practice segregation in mine. When in Rome (or Paris..)
Isadora, London,
Women who wear hijabs and burkas intimidate me as much as men in hoodies and masks! In these violent times people should not be hiding their faces. A. Stone, Norwich UK
Anna Stone, Norwich, UK
welldone france. Let's hope that Britain might do the same thing. Afterall, if I were to go to an Arab country I would have to dress in Islamic dress... so whats good for the goose...
Gillian, Dundee,
What a refreshing attitude - it's time Britain sits up and takes notice if we want to avoid becoming a Sharia state
Wendy, Loughborough,
I agree with this idea that people looking to become citizens of a country should integrate into the country. Rather that have the country integrate around them.
Jacob, Trona, United States
Jay, I applaude the freedom that allows this woman to wear what she likes in the West. After all its a freedom we aren't allowed to show in the Middle East. Somebody explain why the Christian religion isn't allowed in Saudi Arabia?. Again i applaude the freedoms allowed in the west. Well done France
kirk, Rotherham, UK
France is neither Saudi Arabia, nor Afghanistan. No citizenship for burkas, tchadors and so on. Sexy girls welcome ! We have Dior, Chanel, Lacroix and Lagerfeld able to offer suitable dressing to ladies from worldwide...
Jutharat, Bangkok, Thailand
Multiculturalism is a failed and discredited social experiment, maybe we in the UK should adopt the same self confident approach as the French .
Eric Muldownie, London,
I am a Muslimah living in the Middle East and agree 100% with the French government's decision. Here in Kuwait, the Salafist MPs would love to force women into niqabs and subservience to men and drag us back to the 10th century - they don't represent me or my faith and I am sick of them!
Rachida, Salwa, Kuwait
i am a white catholic and i think the hijab is actually quite stylish (though i don't think woman should be forced to wear anything) and see no issue with it. the burka and niqab on the other hand are a crime against woman and no western country should allow them. europe is NOT a muslim territory.
Alex, london, england
Well done!
Women that are completely covered up initmidate me. They look scary. And very unapproachable.
Jennie, Sydney, Australia
yeh, well done M Wilson, Billoo Bhai and the others with their "kind words"...
I know, lets ban jewish clothes, sikhs walking around with swords....aaah i forgot about the nuns...oh sorry they are pious and respected...my fault....i forgot, it must be the fanatical muslims we hate! Shame on you.
norman, London, UK
The American Declaration of Independence predates the French Declaration of the Rights of Man
Georgina Giles, Windsor, Canada
It is about time we had a similar law in this country. Secularity needs to be defended and Muslims must learn to respect it.
Paul, Coventry,
Excellent. I wish NuLab apparatchiks had the guts to do something similar. If western women go to Saudi they have to dress in the Saudi manner. What's good for the goose....
Tony, Newark,
keep 'em coming muslim bashers. the more the merrier. don't let your ignorence stop you from commenting on something you don't understand.
jay, manchester, uk
I greatly admire France for taking a stance against this medieval form of vassal-ship, wherein women are kept as virtual prisoners of their 'lords and masters' or husbands. The US should take note... There are too many trends in America today which mirror this sort of social fascism.
Elan Durham, Santa Monica, CA/US
A very sensible judgement. Most importantly the UK should note that it is NOT in conflict with European Human Rights Law!
andy, London,
Jonathon Carter :
Are you suggesting that judaism in the 1930's was on the same position than islam fundamentalism today ?
Franck, Brussel,
This appears to be the same predatory praying which the facists and nazi's did with the jewish people, claiming that they could not integrate. It's a shame we are turning back time and facism is coming back.
Jonathon Carter, Reading, United Kingdom
So no burkas and no crucifixes in school either. At last, both Muslims and Christians are being made to 'render unto Caesar' as instructed to by their Prophet/Messiah Jesus rather than indulged. I congratulate the secular French Republic for being the closest thing to a Christian country on Earth!
Eric Skelton, Cardiff, Wales
Can anyone imagine the same situation happening in Britain? Im sure the case would be referred to the European Court of Human Rights as an infringement on an individuals right to follow their religion. Another example of the same EU laws being 'interpreted' differently to suit national interests??
Rich, Bristol, England
It is good to see the French finally speaking up and demand that "their" rich culture be respected in "their own country". As an American I am aware that much of our ideas of Freedom and individual rights have come from France. And since when did China allow their citizens dicuss human rights? Hmmm?
Ed, Atlanta, US
Magnifique France. This is a decision that benefits both the general French population and moderate Muslims in France, who would have been unjustly labelled as 'trouble-makers'.
It's about time we in the UK stood up to oppresive practices such as these that drive a wedge between society.
Allan, London,
A very good decision on the part of France.But will it hold up?
ron, toronto,
Not for the first time I wished I lived in France.
No monarchy
No pandering to religion
No problem!!!
Polly , Suffolk, UK
Good common sense as far as I'm concerned. We should route out many more of these unacceptable practices that degrade women with in Muslim population.
D Case, Newquay,
Quite right, we should adopt similar policies in the UK.
Michael O'Hanlon, London, UK
Typical French , if it had happened some other country they would champion the cause argue human rights freedom etc.But when it comes their country things change . By the way there is no recognition of Burka being the requirment for Muslim women in Koran .
Huseyin Kavrak, Shanghai, China
Reported to day in Brisbane , A Muslim Taxi driver refused carriage to a blind man and his dog because dogs are un clean
At least we have not got to the Muslim only swimming days. Yet..
wilma, brisbane, Australia
Who would have thought the French of all people would start making sensible decisions?!
I love the fact that they gave a reason of 'failure to integrate' - more countries need to adopt this phrase into the migration laws.
Rupert Horry, Sydney, Aus
Good decision. In fact radical Muslims who wear such attire and behave differently should not be allowed to settle in the UK as well. Radical muslims do not reform their behaviour or ideology even in their land of birth as we have witnessed all over the world.
Billoo Bhai , London, UK
It should be abolished world wide. Well done France.
M Wilson, Bidache, france