Jeremy Page in Delhi
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Thousands of members of one of India’s lowest castes besieged the capital yesterday, blocking roads and railways to press their unorthodox demand — to be downgraded to an even lower social status.
The Gujjars, who are traditionally herders of cattle, goats and sheep, threatened to shut down Delhi as they broadened a protest movement that has left 39 people dead across northern India since it began last Friday.
Wielding sticks and shouting slogans, they burnt tyres and squatted in the main roads leading to the capital, blocking access to the satellite towns of Noida and Gurgaon, which are home to call centres and multinational firms. They also blocked railway lines to several towns outside Delhi, including popular tourist destinations.
It was the second time in less than a year that the Gujjars have brought much of northern India to a standstill in an attempt to gain greater access to government jobs and university places under the world’s largest affirmative action programme.
The violence has thrown a spotlight on police brutality in India and the politics of the Hindu caste system, which enforces a strict social hierarchy with Brahmins at the top and Untouchables, or Dalits, at the bottom.
India outlawed caste discrimination after gaining independence in 1947, but to correct the injustices of the past it allocated quotas of government jobs and university places to those who suffered the most. It divided those who should benefit from the quotas into official categories called scheduled castes (SC), scheduled tribes (ST) and other backward classes (OBC).
SC includes Untouchables and others at the bottom of the caste system, ST consists of ethnic minorities and OBC comprises others who traditionally suffered discrimination.
The Gujjars, who mainly live in the northern state of Rajasthan, are classified as OBC, entitling them to access to 27 per cent of government jobs and university places. But they want to be downgraded to ST, on a par with another local tribe called the Meena, which they believe would increase their access by another 15 per cent.
They say that the Hindu nationalist Bharata Janata Party promised to downgrade them as part of its winning campaign in Rajasthan’s state election four years ago, but that it never fulfilled its commitment.
The latest protests began after a government panel recommended an aid package of £35 million for the Gujjars, but ruled out caste reclassification.
The demonstrations turned violent last week after Gujjar protesters lynched a policeman and police responded by opening fire on the demonstrators, killing 38 of them.
The government of Rajasthan has told the Gujjars to take the appeal to the federal Government in Delhi but the federal coalition Government, led by the Congress Party, says that the matter should be handled by the authorities in Rajasthan.
Opinion is divided among experts, with some saying that the Gujjars deserve to be compensated and others predicting a “race to the bottom” if their demands are met.
Cultural divide
— The Hindu social and cultural system in India is divided into castes that are inherited or married into and has been dated to 1,000BC
— There are thousands of castes and subcastes in India. Hinduism ascribes degrees of purity to different jobs
— Brahmins are traditionally the priestly caste, while Dalits are a “scheduled caste”. Dalits and tribal communities represent half of India’s poor population
— Caste discrimination was outlawed in 1950, and 22.5 per cent of university places and government jobs were reserved for Dalits and tribal people
Sources: www.britannica.com ; www.indianchild.com ; Times archives
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GURJARS ARE NOT DOWNCAST
they are not downcast..
they are successor of many Hindu kings.
they are demanding ST quota for reservation in colleges and jobs there is nothing 2 do wid their status.
they are considered high status, for instance Once most of delhi & noida is owned by Gujjar.
Vijay, Delhi, India
Sam in London, don't worry, Amanda in Brisbane might not have detected the irony in your statement but it was not lost on me!
ed, Sydney, NSW, Australia
FOR THOSE SAYING "THIS HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH BRITISH RULE": Actually it does.Yes,the British didnt invent the caste system.But during the British Raj,'loyal' tribes/castes were rewarded and benefited greatly.Biggest example- the Rajputs of Rajasthan+northern India.They helped surpess 1857 uprising!
Tarun Yadav, Essex, UK
Chris Richards - Boston:
If we "enlightened" capitalists are so smart, why are we sending all our jobs to India?
Is it better to live in a society where a corporate CEO makes more in a day than the average working man makes in a year?
How advanced is THAT?
Robert, Davie, Florida, USA
If India abandoned its caste system and adopted a purely libertarian society with a purely free market, I could only imagine how much prosperity Indians worldwide would have. The caste system is ridiculous, especially for such a highly intelligent race.
Chris Richards, Boston, USA
"They should adopt communism at least in theory where every one is equal
David, Weymouth, Dorset"
In communism, everyone is equally poor, and equally a slave to the State. India should adopt a laissez-faire capitalist libertarian society. Only then can Indians prosper.
Chris Richards, Boston, USA
@ Dias in Colombo:
JNS used the name Bombay to reference the fact that he blames the current mess of Indian affairs on the Brits. He's probably not that far off. From what I understand, the caste system that the Gujjar are trying to exploit was instituted by the Raj. The Hindu system is different
Jaime, Houston, Republic of Texas
JNS in Bombay is wrong, and Amanda in Brisbane doesn't get sarcasm.
By the way JNS, Bombay is the name given to Mumbai by the British -why are you sticking to it? And as Sam pointed out the Caste system is something Bharatians made and adhered to by themselves.
Dias, Colombo,
It's not good to read, so much being read & said on a single piece of news. Folks it's a socio-political logger heads situation with Indian bureaucracy making fun of democracy and the media filling there columns and air time to fullfill there means. Let's be more serious to issues of war& famine
Peyush Singh, MUSCAT, Oman
It's a very weak argument to blame the British, given that India has been independent for 60 years (at least 3 generations).
India keeps the system because the discrimination suites those who consider themselves an "upper" caste.
Clive, Surrey,
Not really Boris, those times are gone!
It was a natural progression in our development as a nation to go out and rule the world, but we have grown out of that now.
What we dont now need is for others to come and do the same to us! Althought some would say we deserve it....
mark, London, UK
Sam the british raj wasn't in existence in 1000 BC. The british (an english in particular, speaking as a welsh person) did some dastardly things, but they cannot be blamed for a system a 1000 years old in India
Amanda, Brisbane, Australia
This modern caste system is a arbitrary because is ascribes work qualifications based on birth. Who would go to a brain surgeon simply because his parent is a brain surgeon? Castes must be divided by true qualification not birthright. Work divisions cannot be legislated-- they are there by nature
Charlie French, Metry, USA
JNS, you are absolutely right. When the British Raj established the caste system in 1000BC, they could never have dreamt it would last for so long.
You should be an historian.
Sam, London, UK
It would be better for those people ruled by Englishmen. Chaos is unacceptable.
Boris Ford, Surrey,
They should adopt communism at least in theory where every one is equal
David, Weymouth, Dorset
Oh dear Why not have equality for all?
Of course the Brahmins and the upper castes wouldnt be able to stomach that
The plain fact of the matter is that the people in power who are old enough to remember the caste system and the term scheduled caste is a term of snobbery when applied.
Henry North, London, UK
And we say the class divide over here is big.
Howard, Manchester,
Being an Indian(and brahmin- the so called highest caste) I feel sad for the state of affairs.Though I would not say the reservation (of as much as 60% in some states) drew me out of India, it made me rethink my plans for the future.Indian politics of divide& rule is the culprit-y blame Brits alone
Maverick, Edinburgh,
The Hindu caste system was initially created as a social division of labour, with four castes - Brahmins (priests, teachers), Kshatriyas (rulers, soldiers), Vaishyas (artisans, farmers etc) and Sudras (manual labourers). These were NOT inherited/married into
The current sytem is Indian not Hindu
Ben S, London, England
One , maybe two generations and it wont matter anyway, the fuel and food crisis thats coming will make all classes eat the same food and transport themselves the same way. Class , money , percieved status will all fall away to the greater force of world government and rationing allottment.
neil, bunbury, australia
The rewards of British colonialism
JNS, Bombay, India
Hindu religious ideology never accepts the caste discrimination. In the epic Ramayana Lord Ram went to meet a low caste women and ate the food she gave to him suggesting that Hindu gods are against such discrimination. Also Hinduism can have multiple gods without any restriction. A Plural religion.
Vijay, Not , India
The cast system in institutional apartheit and called religion
T.Andre, London,
"press their unorthodox demand — to be downgraded to an even lower social status"
That is the most hilarious story that I have ever read. lol
jayil, london, uk